Hfss antenna design download

Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Jant Journal. A short summary of this paper. The proposed design consists of FR4 substrate length, width, and height of The obtained return losses of the design is For the specific absorption rate SAR evaluation considered as a human head model in high-frequency structure simulator HFSS software, the obtained values are within the standard limit, the design covers the frequency range of 28GHz, this design may capable of 5G and next-generation wireless communication system application.

The first generation technology pertained to voice transmission services only were highly incompatible with related services it was introduced in the early s[2], the second-generation wireless cellular mobile technology was planned for voice transmission with digital data transfer and the data transfer rate up to 64 kbps.

This technology ahead of 1G services by providing the facilitate short message services SMS and lower speed data such as CDMA, the second generation technology deploying GSM services, Global system for mobile communication uses digital modulation schemes to improve the voice quality but network offers limited data services and the second generation carriers continued to improve the transmission quality and coverage, also, it began to offer text message services, voicemail, and fax service.

In the 2. This technology enhances the clarity and speed of the network up to megabits per second, for the Smartphone and mobile modems in laptop computers. Furthermore, to enhance the data speed, it is predicted that the commercial deployment of fifth-generation 5G systems will be approximately in the early s [4]. To meet the increasing need for even higher data rates required in future applications such as wireless broadband connections, massive machine-type communications, and highly reliable networks , the research activities on 5G mobile communication systems have started [5,6].

The microstrip antenna has several advantages compared to conventional microwave antennas some of them are lightweight, low volume and thin profile configurations, which can be made conformal, low fabrication cost, readily amenable to mass production, linear and circular polarizations are possible with simple feed, dual-frequency and dual-polarization antennas can be easily made, no cavity back is required, can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits [7].

In the existing present wireless communication world antennas are needed to assure some security of the human body from the electromagnetic radiation for that some of the protecting and guiding organization federal communication commission FCC , European international electro technical commission IEC and IEEE has set the safety limit of 1.

The design Fed by a microstrip transmission line, and the ground plane made of conducting material i. The patch consists width and length of 4. The considerable height of the patch is smaller than the wavelength of operation, the proposed design resonate frequency is 28 GHz, as per design the detailed dimensions are given in Table 1 with respective the Fig. The return losses and voltage standing wave ratio are measured in VNA as shown in Fig. The proposed design antenna return loss is Effect of Incorporated Slot Incorporating the additional slots to patch the antenna behaviour has been changing i.

Further, one more slot incorporated on the rectangular patch. As shown in Fig. In the antenna under test waveguide to coaxial adapter keeping constant microstrip antenna position changing with respective distance and phi, theta 0 to degree rotation from 1 meter to 7-meter range.

This experiment was done in an indoor environment with a noise level below dBm direct antenna gain method C. In this analysis, human head modal has been stimulated in HFSS software at the 28GHz, fed by monopole antenna with proposed design [24]. The proposed antenna return loss is The intended antenna structure delineated a gain of 3. Dubey for the lab facility, Dr D. Sci, vol. Evolution of Mobile Communications: from 1G to 4G. An antenna must be tuned to the same frequency band of the radio system to which it is connected, otherwise the reception and the transmission will be impaired.

When a signal is fed into an antenna, the antenna will emit radiation distributed in space in a certain way. A graphical representation of the relative distribution of the radiated power in space is called a radiation pattern. BAN devices may be embedded inside the body, implants, may be surface mounted on the body in a fixed position Wearable technology or may be accompanied devices which humans can carry in different positions, in clothes pockets, by hand or in various bags.

The rapid development of wearable computing systems is driving a need for suitable body antennas. Wearable antennas have been developed in the form of conducting micro strip patches of on textile fabric. Button antenna is located on the top of the textile substrate and conductive textile ground.

This antenna shows two types of radiation pattern, a omnidirectional radiation pattern in the 2. Thus both On and Off-body functions can be achieved. On body communication is used for suppressing the unwanted radiation away from the body and Off-body communication is used for reducing the backside lobes. BAN devices may be embedded inside the body, implants, may be surface-mounted on the body in a fixed position Wearable antenna technology or may be accompanied devices which humans can carry in different positions, in clothes pockets, by hand or in various bags.

Whilst there is a trend towards the miniaturization of devices, in particular, networks consisting of several miniaturized body sensor units BSUs together with a single body central unit BCU. Larger decimeter tab and pad sized smart devices, accompanied devices, still play an important role in terms of acting as a data hub, data gateway and providing a user interface to view and manage BAN applications, in-situ.

The development of WBAN technology started around around the idea of using wireless personal area network WPAN technologies to implement communications on, near, and around the human body. This area relies on the feasibility of implanting very small biosensors inside the human body that are comfortable and that don't impair normal activities.

The implanted sensors in the human body will collect various physiological changes in order to monitor the patient's health status no matter their location.

The information will be transmitted wirelessly to an external processing unit. This device will instantly transmit all information in real time to the doctors throughout the world. If an emergency is detected, the physicians will immediately inform the patient through the computer system by sending appropriate messages or alarms.

Currently the level of information provided and energy resources capable of powering the sensors are limiting. The antenna consists of a button shape outer cylindrical structure and an internal central via connected to a top disc at one end and the metal ground plane at the other.

In our project, we propose a dual-band dual-mode button antenna for body centric communications. On-body communication is used to suppress the unwanted radiation away from the body and Off-body communication is used to reduce the backside lobes on the textile fabrics. Antenna consists of a spiral line including long part L1 and short part L2 and feeding stub L3. Dimensions of the long part L1 is 11mm and short part L2 is 5.

Feeding point is used to taken the wire from the antenna. Two shorting vias are loaded at the end of the spiral line and feeding stub. Antenna is made by circular roggers First step of the proposed block is to designing the basic substrate and followed by tokening the wire from the antenna and then dimensions is used to check the parameter such as return loss, input impedance, gain and magnetic permeability.

And further followed by air box is to use to avoiding the disturbance automatically due to correct dimensions and at least analysis the parameters. Input Impedance b. Return loss c. Bandwidth d. Directivity and Gain e. Radiation Pattern f. Beam width 4. For off-body scenarios the propagation direction points away from the human body. The matching and the radiation pattern of the respective antennas may change due to the interaction with the human body but in general no modifications of the far field model are necessary.

From an electromagnetic point of view the human body consists of a large number of lossy dielectric materials of various combinations and spacial arrangements. In case of an in-body scenario the antenna is integrated into this complex dielectric structure and along an arbitrary propagation path various electromagnetic propagation effects occur 50 P a g e ISSN: Website: www.

It is a logarithmic ratio measured in dB that compares the power reflected by the antenna to the power that is fed into the antenna from the transmission line. The relationship between SWR and return loss is the following: For an efficient transfer of energy, the impedance of the radio, of the antenna and of the transmission cable connecting them must be the same. Central portion is called as coaxial feeding, it comprises copper pin passes through the hole of the metal flange to the feeding point.

Top layer of the portion is called as designing of the button antenna. The proposed antenna features a very compact size, a good and robust dual operating bandwidth performance, and stable far-field characteristics. Our proposed antenna can be used for on-body and off-body communication.

Bahrami, S. Mirbozorgi, R. Ameli, L. Rusch, and B. Circuits Syst. Patron et al.